Ubuhinzi bw’ibirayi bubangamiwe bikomeye n’ingaruka zikomeye z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe birimo imvura idasanzwe, ubushyuhe bukabije n’ibiza, bisa nk’ibyabaye twibanire mu buhinzi bw’u Rwanda ndetse n’udukoko tubyangiza tudasigaye.
Ibi byose bikaba ari intandaro y’iyangirika ry’umusaruro w’ibirayi, kugabanuka kwawo ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku isoko ry’ibiribwa aho usanga ibirayi biribwa n’abifite ndetse bikagira n’ingaruka mbi ku bukungu bw’imiryango ibihinga ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.
Ahagaragara abahinzi benshi b’ibirayi ni mu karere ka Musanze, umuringanews wasuye abahinzi bo mu kagali ka Nyabigoma, mu murenge wa Kinigi, batangaza ko ibihe bitunguranye byangije imyaka yabo bikomeye.
Nyiransabimana Claire, umuhinzi w’ibirayi wabigize umwuga, yagize ati: “Mbere nahoraga nsarura toni 3, ariko uyu mwaka sinabonye na toni 1. Ibi byateje igihombo gikomeye ku muryango wanjye ndetse binsaba gufata inguzanyo yo gukomeza ubuhinzi.”
Nyiransabimana akomeza atangaza ko ibihombo yagize byatewe n’indwara ya “late blight”, imihindagurikire y’ibihe ituma iyi ndwara ikaza umurego, ikangiza imyaka kandi igasaba imiti myinshi yica udukoko kandi ihenze ndetse inagira ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Uretse Nyiransabima n’abandi bahinzi b’ibirayi bagenzi be, bavuga ko gukoresha imiti bisabaga akazi kenshi kandi bigatwara amafaranga menshi, akaba ari nabyo ntandaro y’igihombo gikomeye.
Nubwo aba bahinzi batangaza ibi, mu gushaka igisubizo, Leta y’u Rwanda hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa mu buhinzi bashyize imbere gukoresha imbuto zifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’indwara ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Nta kindi gisubizo ni ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya imbuto (Genetically Modified Organisms “GMO”), aho imbuto z’ibirayi zateguwe zifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imvura nyinshi, ubushyuhe bukabije, indwara ndetse n’ibyonnyi.
Dr Athanase Nduwumuremyi, umushakashatsi mu kigo cy’igihugu cyita ku buhinzi n’ubworozi “RAB”, akaba anakuriye umushinga wa OFAB “Open Forum on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa” mu Rwanda, asobanura ko imbuto za GMO zateguwe nyuma y’igerageza ryimbitse ry’imyaka irenga ine:
Ati: “Nk’uko umuntu akingirwa indwara runaka, imbuto za GMO zizaba zikingiye indwara z’ibirayi zikunze kubyibasira. Ibi bizongera umusaruro hagati ya 20% na 30%, bizamure inyungu ku muhinzi ndetse n’ubukungu bw’igihugu.”
Abahinzi b’ibirayi nabo bemera ko “GMO” ari igisubizo
Jeanette Mukarubuga wo mu kagali ka Kampanga, yagize ati: “Ubu dufite icyizere ko imyaka yacu izaramba kandi tuzabona umusaruro wizewe, tugaca ukubiri n’ibihombo tugendeye ku bushobozi imbuto y’ibirayi ya GMO ifite.”
Ku rundi ruhande, David Habyarimana, umuhinzi w’ibirayi mu kagali ka Bisoke, nawe ati: “Kugira imbuto zihangana n’indwara no kugabanya imiti bizadufasha kugabanya igihombo no kubona umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza bityo duhaze isoko.”
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imbuto za GMO zifite ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro w’ibirayi hagati ya 20% na 30% ugereranyije n’izisanzwe, bigatuma abahinzi bunguka amafaranga y’imiti ndetse n’imirimo yo kuyitera isaba igihe kinini. Ibi bikazatuma igihingwa gihaza isoko kandi bikanorohereza abahinzi kubona inyungu nyinshi.
Mu kurengera ibidukikije, imbuto za GMO zizatuma ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko n’utundi dusimba bigabanuka, bibungabunge ubutaka ndetse n’ubuzima bw’inzuki.
Marie Uwase, umubyeyi ukora ubuhinzi n’ubworozi muri Musanze, yavuze ko inzuki zabo zigira uruhare rukomeye mu kubyara ubuki, kandi akongeraho ko kugabanya imiti bizafasha nk’aborozi b’inzuki mu kubona umusaruro uhagije.
Leta y’u Rwanda iteganya ko imbuto za GMO zizatangira gukoreshwa mu buryo bw’ubushakashatsi (phase pilote) n’abahinzi bake mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri, mbere yo gukwirakwiza imbuto ku bahinzi bose bazikeneye.
Mu buryo bwagutse, ikoreshwa rya GMO mu buhinzi buhuye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ni intwaro y’ingenzi y’ubuhinzi buhamye, igamije kurinda abahinzi igihombo, kongera umusaruro no kurengera ibidukikije.
INKURU YA NIKUZE NKUSI Diane
