Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje gushyira imbaraga mu gukumira no kurwanya ubwandu bushya bwa virusi itera SIDA, hari itsinda ry’abantu rikomeje kugerwaho n’ingaruka zikomeye zishyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga, bitewe n’ikibazo kitavugwa kenshi: Ipfunwe n’akato bikorerwa ku baryamana bahuje igitsina bo mu karere ka Rubavu.
Rubavu ni kamwe mu turere tw’ubukerarugendo ndetse kanegereye umupaka karangwamo urujya n’uruza. Ni umujyi ukomeye usangamo ba mukerarugendo baturuka imihanda yose banafite imico inyuranye. Muri iryo terambere harimo na serivise z’ubuzima ariko zivugwaho kuba intandaro yo kwiheza ku bantu baryamana bahuje igitsina, bigatuma bahitamo inzira iboroheye yo kwipima virusi itera SIDA nka bumwe mu buryo bwo kwirinda kuko bashimangira ko abagerageje kujya kwa muganga byagiye bibaviramo ingaruka zinyuranye zirimo kwirukanwa mu miryango, ku kazi ndetse no kugirwa ibicibwa mu muryango nyarwanda.
Iki kibazo gishora abaryamana bahuje igitsina by’umwihariko ababikora nk’uburaya mu byago by’ubuzima, kuko abenshi batinya kujya mu bigo nderabuzima cyangwa ku bitaro kugira ngo bahabwe serivise bemerewe kandi ku buntu, zirimo imiti ihabwa abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, udukingirizo, amavuta abafasha koroha mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina (lubrifiants) ndetse n’inama zinyuranye zabafasha, bakabisimbuza kwishora mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye bitwaje ibisubizo by’ako kanya bakura mu kwipima “TEST RAPID”.
Batangaza ko harimo abagiye bandura virusi itera SIDA muri bo, bakayoberwa uko byabagendekeye kandi barapimaga mbere uwo bagiye gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bagasanga ataranduye (negatif), dore ko aribwo buryo babonaga bwabafasha kwirinda kwandura kuko kujya muri farumasi kugura ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kwipima virusi itera SIDA (TEST RAPID) byabarindaga abaforomo bo kwa muganga batabahishiraga bikabaviramo akato no kubuzwa amahoro.
Akato n’ipfunwe byabafatanyije n’ubumenyi buke…
Emmanuel (izina ryahinduwe), w’imyaka 26, utuye mu murenge wa Gisenyi, avuga ko ubuzima bwe bwahindutse amateka mabi nyuma yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, biturutse ku kwizera uburyo bwo kwipima “TEST RAPID” yaguraga muri farumasi, yirinda ikato yahuraga nako agiye kwa muganga.
Ati: “Ntabwo nagiraga ubwoba bwo gupima virusi itera SIDA mugenzi wanjye ushaka ko turyamana ndetse tugahita turyamana nta gakingirizo, ahubwo natinyaga kujya kwa muganga, nyuma y’aho nagiye mu kigo nderabuzima gushaka imiti yo kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA ihabwa abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura hamwe n’amavuta yoroshya mu gihe cy’ imibonano mpuzabitsina, batangira kumbaza ibibazo byinshi byuzuyemo akato, ngeze iwacu nsanga amakuru yantanzeyo ko ndyamana n’abo duhuje igitsina, data ahita anyirukana ndetse mpinduka igicibwa mu muryango wanjye wose. Kuva ubwo nibwo ninjiye mu buzima bwo kwicumbikira, ntangira urugamba rwo kwihishahisha, nirinda akato n’ihohoterwa nakorerwaga.”
Emmanuel akomeza atangaza ko yaje kurwara akazahara mu mwaka wa 2023, agira amahirwe inshuti ye iza kumusura, imujyana kwivuza ku bitaro bya Musanze, kuko yari yarazinutswe kwivurize muri Rubavu atinya akato n’ibibazo yagize ubwo yajyagayo, agezeyo asanga yaranduye virusi itera SIDA.
Yemeza ko byabanje no kumubera ihurizo yibaza aho yanduriye kuko yabanzaga gupima uwo bagiye kuryamana kandi nta numwe yigeze asanga yaranduye virusi itera SIDA muri icyo gihe .
Ati: “Nagize ihungabana rikomeye nkimara kubwirwa ko nanduye virusi itera SIDA kuko abo twaryamanaga bose nabaga nabanje kubapima, ariko nasobanuriwe ko kwipima nta mahirwe bitanga yo kwirinda kwandura kuko hari iminsi bifata kugira ngo iyi virusi ibe yagaragara mu maraso y’uwanduye, nyamara ari kwanduza cyane.”
Emmanuel atangaza ko yahise atangizwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (ARV) kuko yarasigaranye abasirikare bake ndetse anavurwa ibyuririzi yari yaratangiye kugira, ariko kugeza ubu, atunga urutoki inzego z’ubuzima zinyuranye zo mu karere ka Rubavu zitagira ibanga ry’ababagana by’umwihariko ihohoterwa bakorera abaryamana bahuje igitsina, bikabaviramo guhabwa akato n’ihezwa ari nabyo bituma abenshi bahitamo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwipima ubwabo virusi itera SIDA “ TEST RAPID” kuko muri farumasi ntibaba bitaye ku mukiriya ngo babe bakenera kwinjira mu buzima bwe bwite.”
Undi wagizweho ingaruka zituruka ku kato gakorerwa abaryamana bahuje igitsina bo muri Rubavu, ni Patrick (izina ryahinduwe), w’imyaka 33 wo mu murenge wa Nyamyumba, akarere ka Rubavu. Avuga ko kwiha akato byaturutse ku baforomo banyuranye yagiye ahura nabo, bituma azinukwa kujya kwaka serivise yemerewe mu bigo nderabuzima bikaba byarabaye intandaro yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, kwangwa n’umuryango we ndetse no kwirukanwa mu kazi.
Ati: “Nari nzi neza ko hari serivisi z’ubuntu zirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA zitangirwa ku bitaro no mu bigo nderabuzima, ariko ubwo natinyutse kujyayo narasuzuguwe, ndavugwa, bimviramo gufata icyemezo cyo kutazasubirayo. Umunsi nagiye gushaka agakingirizo n’amavuta yoroshya mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, umuforomo yambajije impamvu nishoye mu butinganyi ndetse anambwira ko mpombeye umuryango wanjye. Ntibyarangiriye aho kuko amakuru yaturutse aho, yageze ku kazi baranyirukana.”
Patrick yatangaje ko nyuma y’iryo hohoterwa yakorewe, yahisemo gutangira kwifashisha uburyo bwo gupima uwo bagiye kuryamana “TEST RAPID” zo muri farumasi, dore ko nyuma yo kwirukanwa ku kazi imibereho yabaye mibi, atangira kwigurisha kuri bagenzi be, kuko hari abagabo ndetse n’abasore babagana nubwo baba bafite abagore cyangwa abo bakundana.
Iyo nzira y’ubusamo yo kumufasha kubaho nyuma yo kwirukanwa mu kazi ntiyamuhiriye kuko yaje kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA mu buryo yita bw’amayobera, bikaba byaramuviriyemo ihungabana ndetse no kurwaragurika kwa hato na hato kugeza ubu ndetse n’imibereho mibi kuko nta bakiriya bakimugana.
Ati: “Byari kubaho ko njya kwa muganga ngahabwa uburyo bwo kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA kimwe nk’abandi banyarwanda, ariko aho kumpa serivisi nemerewe ndetse mfitiye uburenganzira, nambuwe agaciro ndetse banatangaza amakuru yanjye, bikaba byarankurikiranye mu mibereho yanjye kugeza ubwo byamviriyemo kwandura virusi itera SIDA nyuma yo kwisora mu buraya maze kwirukanwa mu kazi. Ubu ndi ku miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA nubwo itanguye neza kandi iki si ikibazo nihariye njyenyine, hari abandi bagenzi banjye bafite ibyago bikomeye byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubera ipfunwe batewe no kudafatwa nk’abandi.”
Kwipima virusi itera SIDA ugamije kudakoresha agakingirizo ni uburyo bwihuse bwo kwandura…
Dr Ikuzo Baslile, umuyobozi w’ishami rirwanya SIDA muri RBC, yaburiye abantu bose bishora mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, bizeye ibisubizo baba babonye nyuma yo kwipima (RAPID TEST), kuko hari igihe babona ibisubizo byaba intandaro yo kwanduzanya virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwihuse.
Dr Ikuzo ati: “Mu bipimo bikoreshwa mu gupima virusi itera SIDA, harimo ibikoreshwa kwa muganga bifite ubushobozi bwo kubona ko umuntu yanduye nyuma y’iminsi 14 ayifite. Ubundi uburyo bwo kwipima bukoreshwa mu kanwa (oraQuick) bwo bwerekana igisubizo nyacyo umaranye virusi itera SIDA iminsi 30, kuko mbere yaho iyi virusi ntiboneka, ibisubizo byerekana ko umuntu atanduye (negatif) kandi akaba ari cyo gihe aba yanduzamo cyane.”
Dr Ikuzo atangaza ko hakigaragara urubyiruko rwipima virusi itera SIDA, rwabona ibisubizo byerekana ko batanduye, bakishora mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina nta gakingirizo kandi mu by’ukuri umuntu yaranduye ahubwo ari no mu bihe byo kwanduza cyane, akaba ariyo mpamvu bakangurira abantu kutibagirwa gukoresha agakingirizo.
Dr Basile Ikuzo akebura abagendera ku bisubizo bya virusi itera SIDA by’ako kanya bakishora mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nta gakingirizo.
Ati: “Test zose zerekana ko umuntu yanduye virusi itera SIDA mu minsi 14 byibuze, uretse uburyo bwa ‘PCR test’ bushobora kubona ko umuntu yanduye virusi itera SIDA ku munsi nyirizina yanduriyeho. Bivuze ko ushobora kwipima cyangwa ukipimishiriza kwa muganga bakaguha igisubizo ko utanduye (negatif) kandi waranduye mu gihe utararenza iminsi 14, kandi aricyo gihe uyifite aba yanduza cyane kuko virusi itera SIDA iba iri kwikuba yiyongera mu maraso.”
Ibi byatangajwe na Dr Ikuzo Basile, bikaba ari IGISOBANURO cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kwa Patrick na Emmanuel ndetse n’abandi bizeye ibisubizo by’ako kanya bagakora imibonano mpuzabitsina nta gakingirizo.
Bakomeje gutabaza …
Abaryamana bahuje igitsina bo mu karere ka Rubavu bavuga ko hari inshuti zabo nyinshi zimaze kwicwa na virusi itera SIDA biturutse ku ipfunwe n’akato bikomoka ku kutagirirwa ibanga n’inzego z’ubuzima, bibakumira ku bwirinzi nk’ubw’abandi banyarwanda bemerewe kandi ku buntu hagamijwe kwirinda ubwandu bushya bwa virusi itera SIDA.
Claude (izina ryahinduwe), umwe mu baryamana bahuje igitsina, utuye mu murenge wa Gisenyi, avuga ko amaze kubura inshuti 3 mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri.
Ati: “Twabaga tuziranye nk’abantu baryamana bahuje igitsina ariko abenshi muri twe dufite ihungabana ryaturutse ku kato kaviriyemo abenshi muri twe kwandura indwara zinyuranye zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina harimo na virusi itera SIDA, hari ababaga bafite ibibazo batakivuga, hari abahitaga bahera mu nzu amezi n’amezi bakanga kwivuza ndetse hari n’abapfuye biturutse ku kutivuza batinya akato.”
N’agahinda kenshi n’amarira abunga mu maso yakomeje agira ati: “Ipfunwe ribica buhoro buhoro. Iyo tuba twarabonye abakora mu nzego z’ubuzima badufata nk’abandi, nta n’umwe uba warapfuye azize SIDA.”
Ni ikibazo cyo gukurikirana
CSP Dr. Oreste Tuganeyezu, Umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya Gisenyi, avuga ko imbogamizi mu gukoresha uburyo bunyuranye bufasha kwirinda ubwandu bushya buturuka ku kuba abantu bagira isoni zo kuza kwaka serivise kwa muganga.
Akomeza avuga ko abantu bose bakora uburaya (abaryamana n’abo bahuje igitsina nabo badasigaye) bahabwa imiti ibarinda n’ubundi buryo bwabafasha kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA , ariko bagasabwa gukurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda no kurinda abandi.
Ku kijyanye n’akato n’ipfunwe byaba bituruka muri service zo kwa muganga mu gihe bakiriye abaryamana bahuje igitsina yatangaje ko ari ikibazo atarazi ariko agiye kugikurikirana.
Ati: “ Icyo cyaba ari ikibazo kigomba gukurikiranwa ugaragayeho iryo kosa akabihanirwa, ariko hakarebwa n’urundi ruhande rwo kuba bo ubwabo nabo batinye kuza kwa muganga batinya amaso y’abababona.”
Yatanze ubutumwa bugira buti: “Nta mpamvu yo kugira ipfunwe ryo kwirinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA.”
Icyo sosiyete siivile ivuga
Igihozo Diane, umunyamategeko akaba n’inzobere mu burenganzira bwa muntu, mu kigo kigo cyigenga cyita ku buzima n’uburenganzira bwa muntu HDI Rwanda, asobanura ko umuco nyarwanda ukunze kwirinda kuganira ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyane cyane ibijyanye n’itandukaniro mu mikoreshereze y’igitsina.
Nk’uko abivuga, kutabivugaho bituma habaho kutagiraho ubumenyi buhagije, kuko abantu benshi bagifite imyumvire ivuga ko abaryamana bahuje igitsina ari uburwayi cyangwa ibintu byazanywe n’abanyaburayi.
Igihozo akomeza atangaza ko hari bikorwa by’ihohoterwa bikunze kugaragara cyane by’umwihariko mu bice by’icyaro, birimo gushyira abaryamana bahuje igitsina mu bwigunge n’akarengane yaba mu muryango, ku ishuri, mu kazi cyangwa se mu gihe cyo guhabwa serivise runaka.
Ati “Dutoza abatanga serivisi z’ubuzima kubaha buri muntu ubagannye uwo ari we wese, hatitawe ku myitwarire ye mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ni ngombwa kumenya guca imyumvire ishingiye ku rwicyekwe, cyane cyane mu bice by’icyaro.”
Akomeza atangaza ko iyi myumvire inagaragara no mu nzego za Leta.
Ati: “Nubwo Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda riha uburinganire abantu bose imbere y’amategeko, nta tegeko rirashyirwaho ryihariye rirengera abantu “LGBTQ+” ( Amatsinda y’abantu bafite imiterere n’imyitwarire y’imibanire mpuzabitsina itandukanye, harimo abakundana bahuje igitsina, abakundana n’ibitsina byombi n’abiyumva mu yindi myirondoro y’igitsina) ribarinda mu buryo bweruye ku ivangura cyangwa amagambo abangamiye uburenganzira bwabo.”
Mu Rwanda, ubutinganyi si icyaha dore ko Itegeko Nshinga ryo muri 2018 ntirigira ingingo n’imwe ihana cyangwa ibuza imibanire hagati y’abahuje ibitsina.
Imibare yatangajwe na RBC mu mwaka wa 2023 yerekanye ko mu Rwanda abaryamana bahuje igitsina ari 18100, mu gihe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanye ko abagabo baryamana n’abo bahuje igitsina muri bo 5,8% bafite virusi itera SIDA, hanyuma 43% by’abaryamana bahuje igitsina aribo bipimishije bazi uko bahagaze.
INKURU YA NIKUZE NKUSI Diane
