At the University Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), the corridors of the hepatology department are full. Patients wait, some with blank stares, others with fragile hope. Liver cirrhosis, a disease long unknown to the general public, is wreaking havoc there. It gradually destroys this vital organ, often without warning.
Behind the walls of the pavilion, Aimable, 42, a former taxi driver, recounts his struggle: ” My stomach started to swell, I thought it was just indigestion. But after several tests, the doctor told me that my liver was damaged. I had already had hepatitis B for years, without ever worrying about it .”
His story is that of many Rwandans affected by a sneaky disease, which only shows its signs at an advanced stage.
A disease often linked to hepatitis and alcohol
According to CHUK doctors, cirrhosis is the result of chronic inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption, viral infections (hepatitis B or C), poor diet, or prolonged use of certain medications.
Dr. Uwizeye Clarisse, a gastroenterology specialist, explains: “In Rwanda, the majority of cirrhosis cases we receive are related to untreated hepatitis B. Many people are unaware that they are carrying the virus because symptoms do not appear immediately.”
She adds that the disease progresses slowly: “The liver has a great capacity for regeneration, but when it is attacked for years, it ends up scarring, forming hard tissues that prevent it from functioning properly.”
Signs often overlooked
Cirrhosis doesn’t immediately reveal its presence. The first signs go unnoticed: fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, yellowing of the eyes (jaundice), swelling of the stomach or legs.
Mwamini, 37, a resident of Nyamirambo, says: “I felt nauseous and always tired. People thought it was because of stress. It was only after a blood test that I discovered I had hepatitis and that my liver was already starting to deteriorate.”
Doctors say these symptoms should be taken very seriously, as they often signal advanced liver damage.
An economic and psychological burden
Treating cirrhosis is expensive. It requires regular monitoring, antiviral medications, and sometimes extended hospitalization. Many patients give up due to lack of funds.
“Medicines are expensive and most are not always available,” Aimable confides. “I spend more than 40,000 francs a month just for tests.”
Beyond the financial cost, the disease destroys social lives. Some sufferers are stigmatized, others lose their jobs.
Prevent before it’s too late
For experts, prevention remains the best weapon.
“Hepatitis B and C screening should be routine, especially for adults,” insists Dr. Uwizeye. “Hepatitis B vaccination, available at many health centers, provides effective protection.”
Health authorities also remind people of the importance of avoiding alcohol abuse, storing food properly and not sharing sharp objects (razors, needles, scissors) that can transmit the virus.
Diet also plays a key role: a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables and proteins, as well as good hydration, helps relieve the liver.
Awareness campaigns are beginning to emerge, led by the Ministry of Health and certain NGOs. But there is still a long way to go.
“Many people only get tested at an advanced stage,” says Dr. Uwizeye. “We need to educate people about the importance of knowing their status and seeking help at the first sign.”
Aimable, however, remains hopeful despite everything: “I understood too late, but if my story can save someone else, then it will have served a purpose.”
Cirrhosis isn’t just a medical statistic; it’s a reality that affects entire families. Yet, it can be prevented. Getting tested, getting vaccinated, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are the best ways to protect your liver and your life.
BY NIKUZE NKUSI Diane
