Mu myaka ishize, mu Rwanda ubuhinzi bwahuraga n’ingaruka zikomeye z’indwara n’ibyonnyi. Imyumbati yibasirwaga na Kabore, ibirayi bikangizwa ku buryo bukomeye n’indwara bita “late blight”, abahinzi benshi bakabura kimwe cya kabiri cy’umusaruro. Ibi byashoye mu bihombo imiryango ibarirwa mu bihumbi, bigira n’ingaruka ku isoko ry’ibiribwa no ku bukungu bw’igihugu.
Nyamara nubwo byari bimeze gutya, ibi bibazo bishobora kuba amateka, nyuma y’uko kuwa 21 Gashyantare 2024, u Rwanda rutangaje itegeko ryemeza ikoreshwa ry’imbuto zahinduwe mu buryo bwa siyansi (Genetically Modified Organisms “GMO”). Iri tegeko ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta, rifatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, indwara z’ibihingwa n’ibyonnyi.
U Rwanda rwiyongereye ku bindi bihugu byinshi birimo Amerika, Brazil, Afurika y’Epfo, Kenya na Nigeria, bimaze imyaka bikoresha GMO mu kongera umusaruro.
Dr. Athanase Nduwumuremyi, umushakashatsi akaba n’umuyobozi wa porogaramu y’ibinyabijumba muri RAB, avuga ko iri tegeko rishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe imyaka irenga 4.
Ati: “Imyumbati twahereye mu igerageza yagaragaje ko ifite ubudahangarwa ku ndwara ya kabore. Ni kimwe n’uko umuntu akingirwa indwara runaka. Ibi bihingwa bizaba bikingiye indwara bikunze kwibasirwa na zo.”
Hari icyizere ku bahinzi…
Habimana Jean Damascène, umuhinzi wabigize umwuga wo mu Karere ka Ruhango avuga ko buri mwaka yahombaga hafi kimwe 1/2 cy’imyumbati yabaga yahinze.
Ati: “Hari igihe wabonaga umurima usa neza ariko ntidusarure. Kuba igihugu cyaremeye imbuto za GMO bitanga icyizere cy’uko ubuhinzi bwacu buzongera kuba umushinga twishingikirizaho tudatinya guhomba.”
Akomeza atangaza ko imbuto za GMO kuba zishobora guhangana n’indwara zibasira imyumbati kandi nta miti ya hato na hato ndetse zikanatanga umusaruro ufatika ni ukuvuga ukubye uwo babonaga mbere, ari inyungu zikomeye ku muhinzi, ku muryango nyarwanda ndetse no ku bukungu bw’igihugu.
Mukamana Natariya, umuhinzi w’ibirayi mu murenge wa Kinigi, akagali ka Bisoke, atangaza ko guhinga ibirayi nta nyungu ifatika yavagamo kuko amafaranga mesnhi yashiriraga mu kugura imiti, ko ariko izi mbuto za GMO bazizeyeho guhangana n’indwara ndetse n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.
Ati: “Indwara ya late blight yatumaga dutakazaga amafaranga menshi mu miti, rimwe na rimwe tugakoresha imibyizi myinshi yo gutera imiti. Iyo mvune yose izagabanuka, kandi bizadufasha kubona umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza ndetse n’inyungu kuko amafaranga menshi yashiriraga mu kugura imiti.”
Nshimiyimana Pacifique, umuyobozi wa Alliance for Science Rwanda, agaragaza ko GMO zizatuma abahinzi bizigama amafaranga menshi.
Ati: “Muri iki gihe, umuhinzi w’ibirayi ashobora gukoresha amafaranga menshi mu miti no mu bakozi bayitera. Niba GMO zifasha kugabanya iyo mitwaro, bivuze ko umuhinzi azabona inyungu nyinshi kurusha mbere.”
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imbuto za GMO zishobora kongera umusaruro hagati ya 20% na 30% ugereranyije n’izisanzwe. Ibi bizafasha u Rwanda kugabanya icyuho cy’ibiribwa, rugere ku ntego yo kwihaza mu biribwa ndetse no kugira ibyo rwohereza hanze.
Nshimiyimana akomeza atangaza ko uretse inyungu ku bahinzi, imbuto za “GMO” zifite akamaro ntagereranywa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ati: “Abavumvu bo mu Majyaruguru bajyaga bavuga ko inzuki zabo zipfa kubera imiti y’ibirayi. Ibi byose bizagabanuka, bivuze ko n’aborozi b’inzuki bazabyungukiramo.”
Dr. Nduwumuremyi atangaza ko imbuto za GMO zizatangira guhingwa n’abaturage mu gihe kitarenze imyaka 2, nyuma y’igerageza rizakorerwa hamwe n’abahinzi.
Ati: “Ntituzatangira ku bwinshi. Tuzabanza ku bahinzi bake babyemeye, hanyuma dutubure imbuto kugeza kuri bose bazikeneye.”
Iri koranabuhanga mu buhinzi hakoreshwa imbuto za “GMO” rizafasha igihugu kugera ku ntego yo kwihaza mu biribwa ndetse rirusheho kugabanya igitutu ku ngengo y’imari ishyirwa mu buhinzi.
Kugeza ubu abahinzi benshi bahuriza ku kuvuga ko iri tegeko ari umusemburo mushya w’iterambere mu buhinzi bw’u Rwanda. Mu gihe imbuto za “GMO” zizaba zabonye icyemezo cya nyuma, abahinzi bato n’abakomeye barizera ko ibyahoraga bibatesha umutwe birimo indwara, ibyonnyi n’igihombo bizasigara mu mateka.
INKURU YA NIKUZE NKUSI Diane
