Ibihingwa bihindurirwa uturemangingo (DNA) hagamijwe inyungu runaka zose ziganisha mu korohereza no guteza imbere abahinzi ndetse no korohereza ababikoresha aho bigera ku isoko bifite ubuziranenge kandi ku giciro cyiza.
Inyungu ziba zigamijwe mu guhindura uturemangingo z’ibihingwa harimo kubyongerera umusaruro, intungamubiri kidasanganywe, ubudahangarwa ku izuba, kwihanganira indwara n’imvura nyinshi, kuba igihingwa kidakenera guterwa imiti cyangwa iyakoreshwaga ikagabanuka cyane, kwera mu gihe gito n’izindi.
Uyu mwihariko w’ibiribwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo utanga umusaruro ufatika mu bihugu byatangiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi aho bigira uruhare mu kurwanya inzara cyane ko bitanga umusaruro utubutse, kandi no kubihinga bigahendukira umuhinzi ndetse akabikorana umwete kuko ahinga imbuto azi neza, ibi byose bigatuma igiciro cy’ibiribwa cyorohera umuguzi.
Mu Rwanda iri koranabuhanga mu buhinzi ntiriratangira, harabura iki?
Dr Athanase Nduwumuremyi, umushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cyita ku buhinzi n’ubworozi “RAB”, akaba anakuriye umushinga wa OFAB “Open Forum on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa” mu Rwanda, yatangaje ko kugeza ubu mu Rwanda imbuto zahinduriwe uturemangingo zitarahingwa kuko hagikorwa ubushakashatsi ndetse n’itegeko ribyemeza ntirirasohoka.
Yagize ati “ Ubu mu Rwanda hari itegeko ritwemerera gukora ubushakashatsi kuri ibyo bihingwa, ariko iritwemerera kubigeza ku bahinzi ari na bo bigenewe ntirirasohoka, turaritegereje kandi twizeye ko mu minsi ya vuba rizasohoka”.
Ibihingwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo nta ngaruka bigira ku buzima bw’ababikoresha?
Dr Nduwumuremyi yatangaje ko ibihingwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo nta kibazo na kimwe biteza ubuzima bw’umuntu ubikoresha kuko ubuziranenge bwabyo buba bwaragenzuwe bihagije.
Ati “Ibi bihingwa nta kibazo na kimwe bifite ku muntu ubiriye kuko bifite ubuziranenge bwizewe, cyane ko inzira binyuramo ari ndende kugira ngo bigere ku isoko. Binyura mu bigo bikomeye byaba mpuzamahanga, nk’uko mu Rwanda REMA, RICA na Rwanda FDA, bigomba kubanza kubigenzura mu gihe byaba byageze mu Rwanda. Bivuze ko ntabyuka ngo nkore imbuto runaka nshyire ku isoko ibyo bigo bitabitangiye uburenganzira”.
Ibi binashimangirwa n’inyandiko z’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima, Ishami ryita ku buhinzi (FAO) n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga ifite aho ihuriye n’ubuhinzi, ubuzima n’ibidukikije, aho ishimangira ko nta ngaruka ku buzima zikomoka ku bihingwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo.
Ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi rihindura uturemangingo ryatututse muri Amerika, ariko ryagiye rikwira mu bihugu binyuranye binyuze mu masezerano atandukanye byasinye, arimo cyane cyane ayiswe “Cartagena Protocol”.
Aya ni amasezerano mpuzamahanga agamije kurebera hamwe niba koko haba hari ingaruka z’ibihingwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo haba ku binyabuzima n’ibidukikije. Ayo masezerano yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku ya 29 Mutarama 2000, ubwo ibihugu bigera ku 130 byo hirya no hino ku Isi byayashyiragaho umukono, i Montreal muri Canada.
Nubwo u Rwanda rutarashyiraho itegeko ryemera ibihingwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo, hashyizweho itsinda rigizwe n’ibigo bitandukanye n’abashakashatsi, ryiga kuri iryo koranabuhanga, hari ibirimo gukorwa n’ubwo bitaramurikirwa abaturarwanda.
Kugeza ubu hirya no hino ku isi hagaragara ibihingwa byahinduriwe uturemangingo biri ku masoko muri byo harimo ibigori, ingano, ipamba, ipapayi, umuceri, imyumbati, n’ibindi byinshi.
Iri koranabuhanga ryo guhindura uturemangingo ntirigarukira gusa ku bihingwa kuko rinakoreshwa ku matungo, ibiti n’ibindi binyabuzima.
Ku isi ibihugu bizwi cyane mu gukoresha iri koranabuhanga mu guhindura uturemangingo ni USA, Brazil, Ubushinwa, Afrika y’Epfo, Egypt, Bangladesh, Kenya n’ibindi.
INKURU YA NIKUZE NKUSI Diane
